城镇污水处理排放标准改革的费效分析

从费用效果角度对提高城镇污水处理排放标准的科学性和可实施性进行探讨,利用污染源普查数据,通过城镇污水治理投资和运行函数的构建,计算不同处理规模和排放标准下的污水处理投资和运行费用,在全国层面上计算提高污水处理排放标准所需费用和污染物的减排效果.研究表明：污水处理厂的投资和运行费用的增加随着污水处理规模的增加而递减.以污...     

枯草芽孢杆菌对微污染水体的净化作用

采用投加枯草芽孢杆菌的水质净化方法,系统考察了在典型南方夏季气温下,封闭的模拟微污染水枯草芽孢杆菌净化体系中,投菌浓度、主要环境条件（pH和溶解氧）及其冲击对净化效果的影响.结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌的最佳投菌浓度为3.2×105cfu·mL-1,适宜的环境条件为：pH5～7,溶解氧4～6mg·L-1.投菌9d后,CODM...     

A numerical study of summer ozone concentration over the Kanto area of Japan using the MM5/CMAQ model

We assessed the ability of the MM5/CMAQ model to predict ozone (O3) air quality over the Kanto area and to investigate the factors that a ect simulation of O3. We find that the coupled MM5/CMAQ model is a useful tool for the analysis of urban environmental problems. The simulation results were compared with observational data and were found to accurately replicate most of the important observed characteristics. The initial and boundary conditions were found to have a significant e ect on simulated O3 concentrations. The results show that on hot and dry days with high O3 concentration, the CMAQ model provides a poor simulation of O3 maxima when using initial and boundary conditions derived from the CMAQ default data. The simulation of peak O3 concentrations is improved with the JCAP initial and boundary conditions. On mild days, the default CMAQ initial and boundary conditions provide a more realistic simulation. Meteorological conditions also have a strong impact on the simulated distribution and accumulation of O3 concentrations in this area. Low O3 concentrations are simulated during mild weather conditions, and high concentrations are predicted during hot and dry weather. By investigating the e ects of di erent meteorological conditions on each model process, we find that advection and di usion di er the most between the two meteorological regimes. Thus, di erences in the winds that govern the transport of O3 and its precursors are likely the most important meteorological drivers of ozone concentration over the central Kanto area.     

Effect of nutrient conditions on the toxicity of naphthalene to Chlorella pyrenoidosa

The toxicity of naphthalene to a freshwater microalga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and the subsequent recovery of algae from the damage were investigated under two nutrient conditions, either enriched with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), or starved of N and P. Results showed that C. pyrenoidosa was more sensitive to naphthalene under N,P-enriched condition, and the inhibitory rate generally increased at first and then decreased gradually with the evaporation of naphthalene under both nutrient conditions. Enriched N, P reduced the inhibitory rate at initial naphthalene concentration of 5 and 10 mg/L, but enhanced it at 100 mg/L, at which more severe ultrastructure damages were found than those under N,P-starved condition. Observed damages included partly or totally disappearance of nucleolus, nuclear, and plasma membranes. According to the chlorophyll content and cell density measurements, C. pyrenoidosa could recover from naphthalene damage with initial concentrations 6 50 mg/L in 7 days under both nutrient conditions, while they could not recover if the initial concentration of naphthalene was at 100 mg/L. Under the N,P-starved condition, the inability of C. pyrenoidosa to recover from the naphthalene damage was consistent with the results of high inhibitory rate, low value of specific growth rate (SGR, 0.05 day??1), and the severe destruction of cell structure. However, under the N,P-enriched conditions, the observed lower inhibitory rate, higher value of SGR (0.55 day??1), and the intact cell structure of most cells suggested that algae could potentially recover from the naphthalene damage.     

SCADA系统在污染物治污工况在线监控系统中的应用

本文介绍了SCADA系统在内蒙古自治区重点污染源治污工况在线监控系统中的应用,系统以西门子成熟S7—200系列可编程序控制器为在线监测设备,基于OPC（OLE for Process Control）技术,以WINCC为监控平台,实现了自治区内重点污染源企业治污工况的远程监测、污染物排放的有效管理。     

寿山石的成矿地质条件和矿物组成

长期研究表明,寿山石的成矿地质条件主要受地层、构造、火山机构和火山成矿等综合作用控制。寿山石的矿物成分主要为地开石、高岭石和叶蜡石。因寿山石的成矿地质条件、矿物组成和产出部位的不同,形成色彩绚丽、命名异样、品种繁多、分类殊异。但通常以其成因、产状和历史传统分为田坑石、山坑石和水坑石三类。为便于识别、研究和讨论,将寿山石的主要品种及其特征一并简介。     

安徽黟县西坑银多金属矿成矿地质条件研究

本文介绍了安徽黟县西坑银多金属矿床的构造地质、地层与蚀变、岩浆作用、银矿体与矿石及同位素等特征,探讨了矿床形成的地质条件。     

汶川震区典型泥石流形成特征及运动特征研究——以大沟泥石流沟为例

查明了大沟泥石流的发育情况及泥石流沟谷特征,从而确定了大沟泥石流的形成特征,以利于分析预测其发展趋势;并通过计算确定了汶川震区典型泥石流的运动特征,这些结论对于如何经济合理治理大沟泥石流具有重要的现实意义。根据以上结果针对大沟泥石流可以制定一套有效的防治措施,建议在现有防治措施的基础上增设三道重力式拦砂坝,并在治理后采取生物措施对其进行综合防治,采用工程措施与生物措施相结合的综合防治对策。采取生物防治措施可以起到拦截降水、调节径流、护坡稳坡、增强土体的稳定性和抗雨水侵蚀能力的作用。     

结冰条件下直升机飞行风险模糊综合评估

目的提高结冰条件下直升机的飞行安全,对飞行风险进行评估。方法基于模糊综合评估方法,综合考虑结冰气象条件、防/除冰系统状态和飞行员经验的影响,建立飞行风险评估方法。通过算例对建立的飞行风险评估方法进行了验证分析。结果基于结冰强度确定了飞行风险4级划分方法,利用层次分析法(AHP)确定各因素的权重,采用正态分布隶属函数建立评估矩阵,对权重集和评估矩阵进行加权平均运算,并对评估结果向量进行处理以给出最终的风险等级。结论该方法具有科学性和实用性。     

夏季持续高温天气对北京市大气细粒子(PM2.5)的影响

在1999-06-23北京市出现长达13d的持续高温期间对细粒子(PM_2.5)质量浓度进行了观测.数据表明,持续高温期间细粒子质量浓度比非高温期间要高出2～3倍.但是通过对持续高温期间的气象数据进行分析,发现还是很利于污染物扩散.进一步分析同步监测的O₃浓度、颗粒物中SO₄^2-的粒径范围及其含量等数据,发现夏季持续高温期间活跃的光化学反应应该是北京市细粒子的主要来源.